Abstract
Dams are one of the most important hydraulic structures. In view of unrecoverable damages occurring after a dam failure, analyzing a dams’ break is necessary. In this study, a dam located in Iran is considered. According to adjacent tourist and entertainment zones, the breaking of the dam could lead to severe problems for the area and bridges downstream of the river. To investigate the issue, a numerical FORTRAN code based on the 2D finite volume Roe-TVD method on a fixed bed is provided to assess the effects of the dam break. Turbulence terms and dry bed conditions were considered in the code. A numerical wave tank (NWT) with a triangular barrier in the bed was numerically modeled and compared with analytical models to verify the capability of the code. Comparing numerical, experimental and analytical results showed that estimated water level and mass conservation in the numerical model is in good agreement with the experimental data and analytical solutions. The 2D approach used has reduced the cost of computing compared to a 3D approach while obtaining accurate results. The code is finally applied to a full-scale dam-break flood. Six KM of the natural river downstream of the dam, including two bridges, B1 and B2, is considered. Flood flow hydrographs and water level variations at bridges B1 and B2 are presented. The results denoted that bridges B1 and B2 will be flooded after 12 and 21 min, respectively, and are at risk of the potential break. Thus, it is necessary to announce and possibly evacuate the resort area alongside the dam in order to decrease losses.
Highlights
In recent years, the statistics of the dam break phenomenon have been collected to improve the knowledge for the construction dams
In 2002, developed a model based on the finite-volume method for 2D unsteady, shallow-water flow over arbitrary topography with moving lateral boundaries
The real-scale dam break has been simulated, and the flow behavior from encountering the two bridges was analyzed along the pathway
Summary
The statistics of the dam break phenomenon have been collected to improve the knowledge for the construction dams. In 2002, developed a model based on the finite-volume method for 2D unsteady, shallow-water flow over arbitrary topography with moving lateral boundaries They introduced a new technique to prevent numerical truncation errors caused by the pressure and bed slope [4]. Casulli and Walters combined a three-dimensional difference-finite volume model with a dry-wet method [16] In their method, the water depth was estimated, and the distance of vertical points was updated based on each time step. The finite volume Roe-TVD scheme was applied to the 2D shallow water equation by Cea [22] He considers three depth average turbulence models by considering the behavior of wet-dry fronts for river flow. Due to the limited availability of real-scale flood data caused by dam break, code validation has only been performed with laboratory-scale data [35]
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