Simulation of cyclonic wave conditions in the Gulf of Oman

Abstract

This study presents a detailed assessment of wave conditions in the Gulf of Oman based on numerical simulations during the passage of three cyclones that have caused severe impacts to the coastal communities. The cyclone-generated waves for Gonu (2007), Phet (2010) and Kyarr (2019) are validated against satellite altimeter data and offshore wave buoy measurements. Simulation results obtained at four locations indicate that significant wave heights decrease as waves propagate into the Gulf. The maximum significant wave heights occurred during cyclone Gonu with values between 4.0 and 7.2 m within the Gulf of Oman whilst for the other two cyclones were just over 2.0 m. Longer peak wave periods were obtained for cyclone Kyarr (12.9 s). Although wave heights tend to decrease with increasing distance from the entrance of the Gulf of Oman, peak wave periods remain constant. The study provides valuable information on cyclonic-wave conditions for coastal management and planning, risk assessment studies and preliminary engineering design. The cyclone model, together with additional marine observation buoys, is an essential set of tools in measuring and forecasting wave conditions for future cyclones and, consequently, to increase safety of coastal populations and infrastructure.