Abstract
Convective combustion is a characteristic process in the violent evolution of polymer-bonded explosives (PBX), which increases the reaction and causes rapid pressurization, high reaction violent explosion, or deflagration to detonation. Thus, simulations of convective combustion reactions are necessary to predict the risks associated with violence properly. There is rapid pressurization in the crack and flame penetration that are the main characteristics of convective combustion. Traditional numerical simulation methods are not applicable to simulate PBX convective combustion reactions. Therefore, in this paper, a discrete element method coupled with the corpuscular method was proposed, combined with the Ward-Son-Brewster (WSB) burn model. By using this method, the dynamic mechanical responses of PBX, the reaction products, and the combustion of PBX are modeled by the discrete element, gas particle, and WSB combustion mode, respectively. This coupled method has been validated by the simulation of the slot-pressurization experiment. Furthermore, the reaction evolution after ignition in PBX was simulated, as well as the process of flame penetration into charge. The analysis of flame penetration into the charge contributes to a deeper understanding of the violent event of PBX.
Highlights
Polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) may react violently in the event of impact, spark, friction, and boundary heating during an accident. This dynamic reaction behavior involves a wide range of deflagrative actions after ignition, such as conduction combustion, convection combustion, high violent reaction, and even detonation
The corpuscular method (CPM) was proposed to model the interaction between detonation products, air and structure, based on the kinetic molecular theory, with some deviations to allow for the numerical treatment of gas volumes at the macroscopic level
The DEM–Corpuscular method (CPM) coupling with WSB burn mode is established to model the convective combustion reactions
Summary
Polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) may react violently in the event of impact, spark, friction, and boundary heating during an accident This dynamic reaction behavior involves a wide range of deflagrative actions after ignition, such as conduction combustion, convection combustion, high violent reaction, and even detonation. The convective combustion process typically involves flame penetration into the charge and rapid reaction in the crack It is a challenge for simulating the mechanical, thermodynamic, and chemical responses of each phase in convective combustion. Several computational models have been developed to simulate the violent reaction, such as the multi-physics hydrocode, the multi-phase material model, and the Uintah Computational Framework.18,19 None of these works can adequately model the convective combustion process because of treating the charge as a continuous medium. Fracture during convective combustion limits the applicability of continuum-based models
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