Abstract
Numerical simulations of circulating lift-pipe combustion of spent shale in a hypothetical retorting process for Stuart oil shale were undertaken. The influence of partly combusted char in the recycled solids was taken into account. Combustor volumes were found to decrease significantly as the recirculation of hot solids from the combustor outlet to the combustor inlet increased. As much as 68% reduction in volume was achieved at a recirculation ratio of 0.9. Slightly larger combustor volumes were obtained when the solids, recycled directly and via the retort, were assumed to be completely mixed prior to entering the combustor. These results were attributed to lower char conversion rates of the mixed solids compared to those of high temperature directly recirculated solids. For high recirculation ratios, the assumption of complete mixing can be used to approximate the rigorous simulation to reduce computing time by a factor of 50.
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