Abstract
Crowd evacuation from industrial buildings, factories, theatres, protest areas, festivals, exhibitions and religious/sports gatherings is very crucial in many dangerous scenarios, such as fire, earthquakes, threat and attacks. Simulation of crowd evacuation is an integral part of planning for emergency situations and training staff for crow management. In this paper, simulation of crowd evacuation for a large building-hall is studied using a popular crowd-simulation software BuildingEXODUS. Evacuation of the fully occupied hall is simulated with eleven test cases using the different experimental setups in the software. The results of the different evacuation scenarios are analysed to check the effect of various parameters involved in the evacuation performance. Finally, using the evacuation test results, simplified models are developed. It is found that the model outputs are in good agreement with the simulation results. Therefore, the models can readily be used for fast computation of the evacuation results without running the actual simulation.
Highlights
The issue of crowd behaviour and movement has been a concern for researchers over the last few decades
Description Using default settings of BuildingEXODUS With altered potential map With full local familiarity With 50% attractiveness for all doors With 5% of the population in wheelchairs and using travel speeds as specified in the Exodus manual With response time (0-1 seconds) and potential map in test case 2 With response time (0-5 seconds) and potential map in test case 2 With response time (0-10 seconds) and potential map in test case 2 With extreme behavior enabled and potential map test case 2 Avoid congestion and potential map in test case 2 Combination of test cases 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10
The behaviour of the population is normal indicating that they conform to the potential map at all times and do not redirect unless they fall under the potential influence of a nearby exit [17]
Summary
The issue of crowd behaviour and movement has been a concern for researchers over the last few decades. Kiyono and Mori [10] considered an elliptic shape for human body to simulate emergency evacuation from a confined area They used Distinct Element Method (DEM) with modified strength of the spring for high-density crowd to model the evacuation process and validated the model by comparing the simulation results with a real pedestrian flow. Alighadr et al [11] presented a case study on emergency evacuation of a populated marketplace called Timche Muzaffariyye using distinct element method DEM. They used two different numbers of exits for evacuation simulation in order to evaluate the performance. In this work we simulate the crowd evacuation of a large building-hall considering different parameters involved in crowd simulation.
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