Abstract
This study presents a methodology for modeling a developing turbulent boundary layer flows over surfaces with large (macro-scale) rougness elements, with particular application to flow over bio-fouled surfaces. A sharp-interface immersed boundary method coupled with a wall model and large-eddy simulations is used to carry out accurate simulations of flow over such macro-bio-fouled surfaces. Simulation of flow over arrays of modeled barnacles with different barnacle density have been carried out, and results are presented on the effect of distribution density on the flow physics, and the drag on the surfaces. Furthermore, a surface containing roughness elements of two length-scales is compared to the single-scale case to illustrate the effect of having roughness elements of more than one scale.
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