Abstract
Among the various causes of coastal erosion, the installation of offshore breakwaters is considered the main cause that influences the most serious changes in shorelines. However, without a proper means for predicting such terrain changes, countries and regions continue to suffer from the aftermath of development projects on coastal land. It has been confirmed that the parabolic bay shape equation (PBSE) can accurately predict shoreline changes under the wave climate diffracted as a result of such development projects. This study developed a shoreline change model that has enhanced the previous shoreline change models by applying PBSE to shoreline changes into bay-shaped features. As an analytical comparison with the second term of the GENESIS model, which is an existing and well-known shoreline change model, a similar beach erosion width was obtained for a small beach slope. However, as the beach slope became larger, the result became smaller than that of the GENESIS model. The validity of the model was verified by applying it to satellite images that demonstrated the occurrence of shoreline changes caused by breakwaters for seaports on the eastern coast of Korea; Wonpyeong beach, Yeongrang beach, and Wolcheon beach. As a result, each studied site converged on the static equilibrium planform within several years. Simultaneously, the model enabled the coastal management of the arrangement of seaports to evaluate how the construction of structures causes serious shoreline changes by creating changes to wavefields.
Highlights
Shores have long played an important part in economic activities and residential lives
Numerical [37,38,39] and mathematical [40] approaches based on empirical formulas have been followed for the application of the shoreline change model under the circumstance of wave diffraction caused by coastal structures
Hc refers to the closure depth, hB refers to the height of the berm, and Ql refers to the sediment transport within a specific period, which can be estimated by applying the longshore sediment transport as displayed in Equation (3)
Summary
Shores have long played an important part in economic activities and residential lives. The one-line shoreline change model presented by Pelnard-Considère [31] could simulate the temporal changes to shorelines caused by the construction of groins on beaches This model proves its applicability to various situations by applying longshore diffusivity [34,35,36]. Numerical [37,38,39] and mathematical [40] approaches based on empirical formulas have been followed for the application of the shoreline change model under the circumstance of wave diffraction caused by coastal structures (such as breakwaters or detached breakwaters). The GENESIS model was developed by Hanson and Kraus [37], including the second term, introduced by Ozasa and Brampton [41], accounting for the longshore sediment transport rate caused by the longshore variation in breaking wave height. The model was verified by applying it to the beaches seriously eroded after the construction of large-scale port or harbor structures
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