Abstract
The UBET is used to simulate a variety of axisymmetric cold heading processes. Both forming load and metal flow are predicted. Work hardening is taken into account during the simulation. Parabolic velocity fields are assumed to describe the bulging flow pattern when the effect of friction on metal flow is not neglected. The influence of geometric parameters and friction condition on metal flow is analysed. The applicability of the homogeneous velocity field and a parabolic velocity field under different geometric and friction conditions is investigated. The possible spots of fractures are discussed by analysing the metal flow pattern and the distribution of energy consumption. A small scale experiment is performed and the UBET predictions are verified by the experimental results.
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