Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model that calculates aldehyde emissions in the exhaust of a spark ignition engine fueled with ethanol. The numerical model for aldehyde emissions was developed using FORTRAN software, with the input data obtained from a dedicated engine cycle simulation software, AVL BOOST. The model calculates formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions, formed from the partial oxidation of methane, ethane and unburned ethanol. The calculated values were compared with experimental data obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The experiments were performed with a mid-size sedan powered by a 1.4-liter spark ignition engine on a chassis dynamometer. In general, the results demonstrate that the concentrations of aldehydes and the source elements increased with engine speed and exhaust gas temperature. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured values was achieved.
Highlights
Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel for spark ignition engines, from the viewpoint of regulated emissions
A new model for exhaust aldehyde formation in spark ignition engines has been presented and comparisons were made against experimental data
The highest discrepancies found between the simulated results and the measured data was for exhaust unburned ethanol
Summary
Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel for spark ignition engines, from the viewpoint of regulated emissions. The addition of ethanol to gasoline improves fuel economy and reduces emissions of CO, HC and NOX from spark ignition engines [1]. The incomplete combustion of ethyl alcohol in the engine exhaust produces high concentrations of aldehydes (RCHO). Aldehydes are highly reactive organic compounds that participate in complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere. The aldehydes encountered in the gaseous state are considered pollutants in internal combustion engines: formaldehyde (CH2O) and acetaldehyde (C2H4O). The emissions of aldehydes are higher for ethanol fuel due to the presence of the hydroxyl functional group (OH), absent in gasoline [2]
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