Abstract
Owing to the increasing penetration level of distributed energy resources (DER) and direct current (DC) load, the usage of low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems has expanded to achieve efficient operations. However, because the LVDC system reaches the peak fault current at a faster rate than the alternating current (AC) system, a solution that protects the system components is necessary to maintain system integrity. It is required by the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) that the DERs maintain their interconnections with the LVDC system and support fault recovery. In this study, a method is proposed to allow the application of the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to reduce the fault current and enhance the LVRT capability. However, when the DER maintain a connection to support fault recovery, the conventional resistive-type SFCL must withstand the burden of high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) operation during fault state dependence on LVRT. Therefore, this study proposes a trigger-type SFCL to reduce the burden of the HTSC element and enhance the LVRT capability. The voltage sag related to the LVRT was improved owing to the SFCL. The proposed solution was confirmed using PSCAD/EMTDC, which is a commercial software.
Highlights
Low-voltage direct-current (LVDC) systems, which comprise direct current (DC) loads and DC-based distributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines, have been emphasized to achieve efficient operations [1–4]
In the case of a fault in a power system, the LVDC system is affected considerably, and collapses owing to the voltage sag at the point of common coupling (PCC) following the disconnection of the DER [7,8]
The low-voltage ride through (LVRT) is a grid code in which the DER has to maintain connection and support the fault recovery according to the voltage sag and fault duration [9–11]
Summary
Low-voltage direct-current (LVDC) systems, which comprise DC loads and DC-based distributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines, have been emphasized to achieve efficient operations [1–4]. In the case of a fault in a power system, the LVDC system is affected considerably, and collapses owing to the voltage sag at the point of common coupling (PCC) following the disconnection of the DER [7,8]. In the case of high-penetration DERs, the LVDC system requires a continuous connection method to the LVDC system to meet the low-voltage ride through (LVRT) demands and maintain stable operation. The LVRT is a grid code in which the DER has to maintain connection and support the fault recovery according to the voltage sag and fault duration [9–11]
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