Abstract
Annually, thousands of birds collide with aircraft. The impact usually has lethal consequences for the bird, the involved aircraft can experience severe damage. The highest bird strike risk occurs at low altitudes. Therefore, aircraft within the airport area as well as the adjacent approach and departure corridors are especially vulnerable to collisions with birds. To analyse risk-reducing measures in these areas, a fast-time bird strike simulation environment was developed. An open-source Air Traffic Management simulator was enhanced with a model to represent bird movements and to recognize bird strikes. To confirm the reproducibility of the outcome, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. They included bird movement data from one year and air traffic flight plans for various air traffic volumes. The number of strikes and near misses showed an expected variance within the individual replications. The results indicate that the predictability of the number of strikes and near misses increases with rising number of birds, and rising air traffic intensity. Thus, by considering simulation scenarios including bird movement information from all seasons and a sufficient air traffic volume, the described set-up leads to stable results.
Highlights
Collisions between birds and aircraft, so called bird strikes, pose a risk for both involved parties.For birds, the collision with an aircraft is a lethal danger [1]
To reduce the risk of bird strikes in the entire critical area below 1000 m, this study aims at investigating the feasibility of involving Air Traffic Control (ATC)
To evaluate the bird strike risk within the simulation environment, the bird strike rate as well as the near miss rate were calculated for all scenarios
Summary
Collisions between birds and aircraft, so called bird strikes, pose a risk for both involved parties. The collision with an aircraft is a lethal danger [1]. A bird strike can result in a total loss of an aircraft and is life-threatening for humans as well [2,3]. Due to their impact on operations and their potential to cause severe damage, if not accidents [3], the aviation community strongly invests in measures to minimize the risk of bird strikes [4,5]. The focus of these measures mainly lies on the area within the airport fences
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