Abstract
Five-axis measuring systems (i.e. coordinate measuring machines equipped with articulated probe heads capable of continuous indexation or five-axis machine tools with inspection probe mounted on a tilt and swivel head) are becoming more and more popular, especially in industrial applications, since their usage speeds up the measurement process without significant loss in accuracy. Widespread adoption of these systems necessitates development of viable and easy-to-use measurement uncertainty estimation methods. This paper describes the experiments required for identification of errors of five-axis measuring systems based on usage of LasrTracer system and measurements of ring standard. It also expounds the methodology for implementation of virtual CMM-based simulation model for these systems giving the explanation on all input quantities used in the model along with detailed mathematical explanations on uncertainty propagation procedure. Eventually, it presents the validation methodology and the results of validation measurements performed in order to prove the correct functioning of developed model. Basing on these results, the main conclusion drawn in the paper is that presented virtual model should be regarded as working properly and producing metrologically correct values of measurement uncertainty for common metrological tasks known from GD&T framework.
Highlights
Uncertainty estimation for measuring systems is still a challenging task [1,2,3,4]
The virtual coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) discussed in this paper is the first solution of its kind for five-axis coordinate systems that use articulated probe heads with continuous indexation capability, and in authors’ opinion, may be transferred to five-axis machine tools equipped with an inspection probe
The increasing appeal of five-axis measuring systems can be attributed to the rising awareness about the importance of uncertainty estimation for measurements performed during assessment of products compliance with geometrical specifications
Summary
Uncertainty estimation for measuring systems is still a challenging task [1,2,3,4]. Among the developed solutions, simulation methods show significant promise, since they are designed to shorten the length of the quality control process and enable automated evaluation of measurement uncertainty. Individual simulation methods are structured differently, the most common concept among them is the so-called virtual machine, which enables simulation of multiple measurement processes, including possible variability of errors occurring during measurement. To this day, several different virtual machines were developed and described in literature [5, 6], primarily models of classic three-axis coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and three-axis machine tools equipped with a contact probe. There is currently no virtual model for machines that utilize articulated probe heads with continuous indexation capability or five-axis machine tools with inspection probe mounted on a tilt and swivel head, i.e. the so-called five-axis measuring systems
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