Abstract
This paper investigated the indirect effects due to sea-salt aerosols on tropical cyclones using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with a chemistry module (WRF-Chem). The parameterization of sea-salt aerosols in the model was operated. The domain-averaged vertically integrated cloud auto-conversion rates were 0.699 and 0.038 mm/h with and without the inclusion of the aerosol indirect effects, respectively. Cloud ice deposition and mixing ratio were higher with inclusion of indirect effects than without. Conversely, the cloud top temperature at a specified time was lower with indirect effects than without. When indirect effects of aerosols were included, the 0.01 g/kg contour line of the azimuthally and temporally averaged cloud ice mixing ratio increased by about 500 m. Overall, the inclusion of the aerosols indirect effects led to the extension of the cloud tops of tropical cyclones to greater heights.
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