Simulation, image generation, and tomographic reconstruction of idealized volcanic plumes

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper presents a volcanic plume simulation and image generation framework, alongside a method for the tomographic reconstruction of volcanic ash plumes. The simulation framework facilitates the generation and processing of imagery analogous to that produced by real-world multi-spectral infrared observations of volcanic emissions. With this required imagery simulated, methods for the tomographic reconstruction of volcanic plumes can be tested. This simulation approach was undertaken due to the lack of suitable real-world multi-spectral and multi-angle imagery, and the difficulties and dangers of arranging multiple ground-based cameras or operating UASs in proximity to an active volcano. The efficacy of the simulation framework is demonstrated through a series of sensitivity analyses, assessing the change in reconstruction accuracy when modifying simulation variables such as the number and distribution of images, spatial resolution, and camera pointing inaccuracy. It is proposed that the results of these analyses can be used to inform the design and optimization of real-world observation campaigns.