Abstract
The hanging wall (HW) effect is defined as the increase in ground motion at short distances for sites on the hanging wall side of a rupture when compared to sites on the footwall (FW) side at the same closest distance. In general, it is a geometrical effect due to the use of a closest distance metric, such as rupture distance, that does not capture the main features of the ground motion scaling for sites near dipping faults. To constrain the HW scaling on magnitude, distance, dip, and depth to top of rupture, finite-fault simulations were used to generate ground motions from 34 source geometries with 30 realizations of the slip distribution and hypocenter locations. The scaling of resulting response spectral accelerations at over 130,000 source/site combinations were parameterized to model the dependence of the HW effects. This HW scaling was utilized to constrain some of the NGA-West2 ground motion prediction equations.
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