Abstract
The three-dimensional passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (pMFD) describes the relation of the network accumulation of public transport and private vehicles, and the passenger production. It allows for modeling the multi-modal traffic dynamics in urban networks and deriving innovative performance indicators. This paper integrates this concept into a multi-modal transport system design framework formulated as a simulation-based optimization problem. In doing so, we consider the competition for limited road space and the operational characteristics, such as congestion occurrences, at the strategic design level. We evaluate the proposed framework in a case study for the Sioux Falls network. Thereby, we deliver a proof of concept, and show that the proposed methodology indeed designs a transport system which benefits the overall system's performance. This paper further advances the integration of sequential model-based optimization techniques, macroscopic traffic flow concepts, and traffic simulation to design multi-modal transport systems. This supports transport planners and local authorities in composing efficient and robust transport networks.
Highlights
Growing urbanization is leading to a drastic increase in traffic volumes in megacities all over the world
We design the optimization with respect to the passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (pMFD)
This function can be classified as a stochastic blackbox function since the interaction of vehicles in the transport system includes stochasticity and microscopic simulations can be considered as functions of the black-box type
Summary
Growing urbanization is leading to a drastic increase in traffic volumes in megacities all over the world. The city growth results in rising traffic demand, which leads to increased air pollution, congestion, and delays which can impact urban productivity growth (Sweet, 2014). Potential solutions to these problems might arise with the increasing diversification of travel modes available to citizens. Public transport continues to serve as the backbone of urban mobility providing a capacity substantially higher than any other travel mode (e.g., Steer Davies Gleave, 2018) Focusing on capacities, both private and public transport are required to be considered for maximizing the utilization of transport infrastructure. Huang et al (2019) estimated the MFD and the 3D-MFD for the city of Shenzen, China, based on GPS data for cars and buses
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
