Abstract
ABSTRACT High O3 and PM2.5 concentrations were frequently observed in Jinan during June 2015 and simultaneously occurred on 8 days, with a maximum 8-hour-averaged O3 concentration of 255 µg m–3 and a maximum daily averaged PM2.5 concentration of 111 µg m–3. In order to investigate simultaneously controlling these two air pollutants, two simulation-based regional emission control experiments were designed using a nested air quality prediction model system (NAQPMS). One emission control scenario (“Conventional Control”) implemented the strictest control measures in Jinan and surrounding areas and resulted in a 15.7% reduction of O3 and a 21.3% reduction of PM2.5 on days polluted by O3 and PM2.5, respectively. The other emission control scenario (“Source-tagging Control”), by contrast, used online source-tagging modeling results from NAQPMS to select emission reduction regions based on their source contributions to the O3 and the PM2.5 in Jinan and resulted in a 16.2% reduction of O3 and a 22.8% reduction of PM2.5 on days polluted by O3 and PM2.5, respectively. Compared to Conventional Control, this scheme produced smaller reductions in emissions from areas with low contributions to the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in Jinan as well as in the total emissions of primary pollutants (the reduced emissions was only 61% of that needed by Conventional Control), and the area and the population affected by these reductions decreased by 12% and 31%, respectively. However, this study demonstrates that Source-tagging Control is more efficient than Conventional Control in reducing simultaneous pollution by O3 and PM2.5 through regional measures.
Highlights
Air pollution has become one of the top environmental concerns in China
Compared to Conventional Control, this scheme produced smaller reductions in emissions from areas with low contributions to the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in Jinan as well as in the total emissions of primary pollutants, and the area and the population affected by these reductions decreased by 12% and 31%, respectively
This study provides a case study of numerical emission control experiments based on the nested air quality prediction model system (NAQPMS) source-tagging modeling results and explores more flexible and more efficient measures for reducing simultaneous pollution from urban O3 and PM2.5
Summary
Air pollution has become one of the top environmental concerns in China. It has an impact on climate change and strongly affects human health. The annual premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution in China ranged from 350,000 to 520,000 between 2004 and 2013 (Ma et al, 2016). The increases of 10 μg m–3 in PM2.5 have been associated with 0.71% increases in daily non-accidental mortality rates (Zhang et al, 2017). These values were considered to be underestimated because their generation excluded the impact of O3. The co-occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 extremes has become a common problem, especially in summer. Shao et al (2017)
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