Simulation and Modelling of Tree Roots using GPR and Numerical Analysis

Abstract

Traditional methods to check tree roots are complicated due to their destructive nature and limited quantitative assessments in long-term research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the synergistic use of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to obtain accurate information on tree root health. For this purpose, geophysical and surveying techniques are used. In the study, image data of tree roots were obtained using IDS Duo GPR under normal conditions. To obtain the most accurate results in GPRMax, the simulation used the greatest contrast dielectric value of soil and roots. Then, an analysis is conducted to compare synthetic and real data. Modelling is crucial to understand electromagnetic wave propagation and interaction with tree roots. First, the synthetic hyperbola’s shape is compared with the real root’s hyperbola. Second, roots with increasing diameters were simulated and the time interval associated with each diameter was determined to produce a regression line model. Finally, depending on the real-time interval and the collected data, the regression model is utilised to estimate the true diameter. The study found the following: (1) the results show that the high dielectric value of the detected roots, real and synthetic hyperbola, have similar amplitude and tail; (2) the findings demonstrate that the estimation model is good with an average error of ±8 mm under ideal conditions and ±20 mm under normal conditions. The estimation variation is strongly influenced by soil moisture. The GPR resolution and signal deteriorate when the high soil moisture content is high. As a result, this study could provide vital insight for more effective assessment of tree roots and serve as an important reference for researchers seeking to expand on present findings.