Simulation and Injector Bench Test Validation of Different Nozzle Hole Effect on Pyrolysis Oil-Diesel Oil Mixtures

Máté Zöldy,István Péter Kondor

doi:10.3390/en14092396

Máté Zöldy, István Péter Kondor

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092396

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Abstract

The tire pyrolysis oil is a waste-derived fuel with a lower cetane number and higher den-sity than diesel fuel, but this is a promising waste-based fuel for compression ignition en-gines. In the European Union, it is necessary to increase the bio-share of fuels, and the second-generation waste-derived blend components are essential for achieving the 2030 goals. The injection characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil and diesel oil were investigated on a Bosch solenoid type common rail (CR) injector. Six different premixed ratios were investi-gated, including in a low volume percentage 250 ppm and higher 10%, 20%, and 100% pyrolysis oil and 100% diesel oil. The simulation investigation was done in the AVL Fire software, the experimental investigations were done on a LDX CR injection test bench, and the videos were taken on an Olympus Ispeed 3 camera. The scope of the research was to record the flow pattern of the fuel mixture, flowing out of the high-pressure injector, from which the mixing with air and the quality of the resulting combustion can be deduced, which has a significant effect on the emissions.

Highlights

IntroductionTire pyrolysis oil has a high gross calorific value (41–44 MJ/kg), and can be used well in internal combustion engines with a suitable mixing ratio [3]
Literature review shows that the tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) fuel is highly flammable and has a calorific value equivalent to that of commercial diesel fuel [4]
In the cylindrical nozzle case, the de of cavitation is increased with the diesel fuel, as expected

Summary

Introduction

Tire pyrolysis oil has a high gross calorific value (41–44 MJ/kg), and can be used well in internal combustion engines with a suitable mixing ratio [3]. Literature review shows that the tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) fuel is highly flammable and has a calorific value equivalent to that of commercial diesel fuel [4]. TPO fuel, tested on a modern turbocharged diesel engine without changing its injection strategy, has resulted in higher NOx and CO emissions, according to the literature search [5]. By slightly mixing TPO fuel with commercially available diesel fuel, the emission values do not change or only to a negligible extent. It is advisable to use it primarily in industrial engines, road NOx measurements on light-duty modern diesel commercial vehicles did not significantly differ compared to pure diesel fuel [7].

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