Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) has been widely applied in microfluidic systems in pre-concentration, particle separation, and desalination applications. General ICP microfluidic systems have three components (i.e., source, ion-exchange, and buffer), which allow selective ion transport. Recently developed trials to eliminate one of the three components to simplify the system have suffered from decreased performance by the accumulation of unwanted ions. In this paper, we presented a new ICP microfluidic system with only an ion-exchange membrane-coated channel. Numerical investigation on hydrodynamic flow and electric fields with a series of coupled governing equations enabled a strong correlation to experimental investigations on electroconvective vortices and the trajectory of charged particles. This study has significant implications for the development and optimization of ICP microfluidic and electrochemical systems for biomarker concentration and separation to improve sensing reliability and detection limits in analytic chemistry.
Highlights
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a fundamental electrokinetic phenomenon resulting from selective ion transport through ion-exchange films, such as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) or anion-exchange membranes (AEM), which allow only cations or anions to pass [1,2,3]
In the ICP-2C-electric field (EF)/hydrodynamic flow fields (HF), ICP was initiated at the entrance of the ion-exchange compartment, the ion concentration channel (IC channel) forming an electric double layer (EDL), owing to the lower electric resistance at 25 ◦ C of nafion on the surface (3.65 × 105 /S) than that of the bulk solution (5.4 × 1010 /S) [36] (Figure 2a)
The development of an electroconvective vortex is regulated by the hydrodynamic flow (U), which works as shear flow, hydrodynamically suppressing the growth of the vortex and reducing ICP
Summary
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a fundamental electrokinetic phenomenon resulting from selective ion transport through ion-exchange films, such as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) or anion-exchange membranes (AEM), which allow only cations or anions to pass [1,2,3]. ICP microfluidic systems have various configurations according to device compartments and forces applied to control target particles for corresponding applications (Figure 1 and Table 1). The ICP-3C-EF system develops an ion depletion layer next to the anodic side of the ionexchange compartment and generates a spatially redistributed electric field (EF) [8,9,16]. REVIEW of 12 and lets them be collected or detected from the channel for further processing3 [10,14,15] In spite of their usability, ICP-3C systems suffer from an accumulation of ionic species (i.e., transported counter-ions and newly generated chemicals by the electrode) in the buffer compartment, causing by deterioration of thereliability perm-selectivity of the ion-exchange systems to control biomarkers improving sensing and detection limits in analytic chemistry. The volumetric and surface boundary conditions are constraints for area and line in the areastudies and line in the
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