Abstract
This article is a report on a simulation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an empirical investigation of in-cylinder flow characteristics, In addition, it assesses the performance and emission levels of a commercial-spark ignited engine running on a CNG and Hydrogen blend in different ratios. The main objective was to determine the optimum hydrogen ratio that would yield the best brake torque and release the least polluting gases. The in-cylinder flow velocity and turbulence aspects were investigated during the intake stroke in order to analyze the intake flow behavior. To reach this goal, a 3D CFD code was adopted. For various engine speeds were investigated for gasoline, CNG and hydrogen and CNG blend (HCNG) fueled engines via external mixtures. The variation of brake torque (BT), NOX and CO emissions. A series of tests were conducted on the engine within the speed range of 1000 to 5000 rpm. For this purpose, a commercial Hyundai Sonata S.I engine was modified to operate with a blend of CNG and Hydrogen in different ratios. The experiments attempted to determine the optimum allowable hydrogen ratio with CNG for normal engine operation. The engine performance and the emission levels were also analyzed. At the engine speed of 4200 rpm, the results revealed that beyond a ratio of 50% of the volume of hydrogen added to CNG a backfire phenomenon appeared. Below this ratio (0~40%) of the hydrogen volume, the CNG and Hydrogen blend seemed to be beneficial for the engine performance and for curtailing the emission level. However, at low engine speeds, the NOX concentration increased simultaneously with hydrogen content. In contrast, at high engine speeds, the NOX concentration decreased to its lowest level compared to that reached with gasoline as a running fuel. The concentration levels of HC, CO2, and CO decreased with the increase of hydrogen percentage.
Highlights
The environmental pollution due to the exponential growth in the consumption of the fossil fuels as energy sources has become a serious challenge and threat to humanity in modern times
This article is a report on a simulation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an empirical investigation of in-cylinder flow characteristics, In addition, it assesses the performance and emission levels of a commercial-spark ignited engine running on a CNG and Hydrogen blend in different ratios
This work attempted a numerical simulation of in-cylinder flow in an internal combustion engine
Summary
The environmental pollution due to the exponential growth in the consumption of the fossil fuels as energy sources has become a serious challenge and threat to humanity in modern times. Several experts have agreed that these fuels are exhaustible [1,2]. The creation of renewable sources of energy and the development carbon-neutral energy systems have been widely recommended as strategic solutions to the threat of fuel shortage and CO2 concentration in the environment [4].
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