Abstract
With the increasing sensitivity and accuracy of contemporary high-performance electronic information systems to electromagnetic energy, they are also very vulnerable to be damaged by high-energy electromagnetic fields. In this work, an all-dielectric electromagnetic field sensor is proposed based on a microring resonator structure. The sensor is designed to work at 35 GHz RF field using a lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) material system. The 2.5-D variational finite difference time domain (varFDTD) and finite difference eigenmode (FDE) methods are utilized to analyze the single-mode condition, bending loss, as well as the transmission loss to achieve optimized waveguide dimensions. In order to obtain higher sensitivity, the quality factor (Q-factor) of the microring resonator is optimized to be 106 with the total ring circumference of 3766.59 μm. The lithium niobate layer is adopted in z-cut direction to utilize TM mode in the proposed all-dielectric electric field sensor, and with the help of the periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) technology, the electro-optic (EO) tunability of the device is enhanced to 48 pm·μm/V.
Highlights
Various material systems of microring resonator (MRR) structures have been investigated for opto-electric applications, including graphene [14,15], silicon (Si) [16,17,18], indium phosphide (InP) [19], polymer [20] and lithium niobate [8,10,21]
Si and InP structures rely on plasma dispersion effect and quantum-confined Stark effect, respectively, which are not suitable for ultra-high-speed data transmission purposes
With the miniaturization of electronic devices, the maximum voltage they can withstand is constantly reduced, which makes them very vulnerable to damage by high electromagnetic energy; several all-dielectric receivers based on bulk lithium niobate (LN) crystals have been investigated [29,30]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. With the miniaturization of electronic devices, the maximum voltage they can withstand is constantly reduced, which makes them very vulnerable to damage by high electromagnetic energy; several all-dielectric receivers based on bulk LN crystals have been investigated [29,30] They use all dielectric antenna to receive the RF electric field in space, and amplify by dielectric resonant antenna (DRA) resonance and utilize a LN disc resonator to modulate the optical field. Compared with the traditional electro-optic modulator with electrodes, the designed microring sensor does not involve any metal structure, which is able to avoid serious damages caused by external high-energy electromagnetic field
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