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Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) adopts the relaxation mechanism of magnetic nanoparticles to heat targeted tumors by coupling magnetic fields and temperature fields. Temperature regulation plays an important role in determining hyperthermia efficacy. It is generally difficult to obtain the distribution of temperature over the whole treatment region during clinical hyperthermia due to the limitations of invasive temperature measurements. To predict the temperature and its distribution during hyperthermia, this paper uses the finite element method and builds a coupled multiphysics model of MFH to analyze the magnetic field and temperature distributions within treated tissue and to determine the influence of the magnetic field strength on the tissue temperature during hyperthermia. The heat dissipation equations are used as inputs to determine the specific loss power of heat sources for nanoparticle injection sites. The results show the distribution of the temperature in the targeted tissue. In addition, an in vitro MFH experiment is subsequently performed with cervical cancer cell cultures. A temperature increase of approximately 4 °C is observed in the tumor tissue treated with Fe2O3 magnetic fluids when the magnetic field is applied for 30 minutes. Hence, the feasibility of hyperthermia and the accuracy of the proposed simulation model are verified with such experimental results.
Highlights
Tumor hyperthermia—the fifth most common therapy following surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy—is an effective method of treating tumors, which is still a worldwide problem.[1,2,3,4] The current ideal objectives of heating treatment are as follows: 1) heat the tumor tissue to an effective therapeutic temperature and maintain a specific heating time, 2) avoid injuring normal tissue through overheating, and 3) minimize trauma and life-threatening complications in patients.Recently, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) technology, which was first proposed by Jordan,[5] was developed to inject nanoscale magnetic particles into tumor tissue
As tumor cells are more sensitive to temperature increases than healthy cells, this property of magnetic particles can be used in vivo to increase the temperature of tumor tissues and to destroy pathological cells via hyperthermia
The simulation results show that the temperature of the tumor tissue is obviously higher than that of the normal tissue, and the whole area shows a downtrend from the inside to the outside
Summary
Tumor hyperthermia—the fifth most common therapy following surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy—is an effective method of treating tumors, which is still a worldwide problem.[1,2,3,4] The current ideal objectives of heating treatment are as follows: 1) heat the tumor tissue to an effective therapeutic temperature and maintain a specific heating time, 2) avoid injuring normal tissue through overheating, and 3) minimize trauma and life-threatening complications in patients. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) technology, which was first proposed by Jordan,[5] was developed to inject nanoscale magnetic particles into tumor tissue. Murase K and Oonoki J et al.[20] computed the energy dissipation and temperature increasing rate under various conditions with the probability density function of a particle size distribution based on a log-normal distribution These methods do not effectively couple the magnetic field and temperature field when the estimated power density value of the magnetic fluids is used as a heat source to evaluate the resulting temperature increase. The viability and effectiveness of hyperthermia and the simulation model are verified with an in vitro hyperthermia experiment for treating cervical cancer
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