Abstract
Abstract Defoliation (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% leaves removed) of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) to simulate loss in photosynthetic area caused by spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella F.) reduced trunk cross-sectional area, yield, and fruiting the following year. Shoot growth responded the year of injury and the following year. Fruit size and maturity also were affected. Punching holes (0, 2, 4, 8 simulated mines of 0.56. cm2) into leaves of mature fruiting trees had no effect on vegetative growth. Fruiting may have been reduced. Leaf punching reduced rootstock growth of small potted apple trees.
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