Abstract
ABSTRACT Impact pulses recorded by an Instrumented Sphere (IS) as it moved with apples through 12 commercial apple packing lines were analyzed to determine peak g and velocity change. Peak g ranged from 20 to 130 g (1 g = 9.81 m/s2) and velocity change (area under the impact curve) from 0.1 to 3.0 m/s. These impacts were simulated in the laboratory using different surfaces that were calibrated using the IS. Taula Red' and *Golden Delicious' apples were dropped onto these surfaces and the resulting bruises were measured. The lowest impact threshold for bruise development (brown tissue under the skin) was 40 g for Taula Red' apples and 30 g for *Golden Delicious' apples. This occurred 1 day after harvest for Taula Red' and 3 days after harvest for *Golden Delicious' apples. Multiple linear regression models were formulated for average bruise diameter for each variety of apple. The equations explained 85% of the variation in bruise diameter for Taula Red' and 57% for *Golden Delicious' apples.
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