Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of front shape on pedestrian safety by simulation test on the basis of a flat-front car. In this simulation, the multi-body models of full-scale dummy and vehicle are used. The contact stiffness is derived from the finite-element simulations of the European Experimental Vehicles Committee sub-system tests, which is validated by the application to a real-world accident reconstruction. The results show that the acceptance levels in the existing regulation are not suitable for a flat-front car. Particularly, the test conditions for the upper legform to bumper test need to be improved to be more severe. The simulations also show that the frontal additional structure, like the bumper bar, will enhance the tendency of the pedestrian rotation and increase the risk of the severe injuries to head and thorax.
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