Simply patterned reduced graphene oxide as an effective biosensor platform for glucose determination

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health worldwide. Maintaining a certain level of glucose concentration is key for diabetes. Driven by the increasing demand for simply prepared, low-cost, and flexible sensing systems, we developed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) patterns-based amperometric sensor for glucose determination. The rGO patterns were produced by stamping of patterned graphene oxide (GO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using filtration/wax-printing method and then reducing to rGO for providing conductivity. The prepared graphene-based patterns were modified by glucose oxidase (GOx) and used as an excellent working electrode for electrochemical enzymatic determination of glucose, as a model sensing. The proposed biosensor exhibited an ultra-fast response time of 0.37 s and the sensitivity of 11.2 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a linear concentration range of 1.0–25.0 mM and a satisfactory low detection limit of 0.32 mM. Besides, it showed good reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and anti-interference ability in glucose determination. The results present that the fabricated platform can be employed for the determination of glucose in human serum, which indicates its promising applicability in the real sample analysis. The effective proof-of-concept for the determination of glucose can be applied to different (bio)sensing systems to miniaturize of detection instrument.