Abstract
Aim: To determine total fluoride (TF) concentration in Na2FPO3/Ca-based toothpastes, using fluoride ion selective electrode (F-ISE) by the direct technique, it is necessary to use acid (Ac+) to hydrolyze the FPO3 2- ion and to dissolve insoluble fluoride salts bound to the abrasive. For NaF/silicabased toothpastes, the use of acid is not necessary (Ac-) and a simplified protocol could be followed. Methods: Thus, we evaluated TF concentration in seven brands of NaF/silicabased toothpastes, following the validated conventional Cury’s protocol (Ac+) or a simplification of this protocol (Ac-). Fluoride was analyzed with ISE calibrated with fluoride standard solutions prepared in the same conditions as the samples (Ac+ or Ac-). Results: The mean (±SD; n=21) of TF concentrations (μg F/g) found by Ac+ (971.3±191.2) and Ac- (982.4±201.3) protocols were not statistically different (t test, p=0.22). The TF concentrations found agree with those declared by the manufacturers, except for one toothpaste imported from China. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the determination of fluoride in NaF/silica-based toothpastes can be accurately made using a simplified protocol of analysis.
Highlights
Toothpaste is considered the most rational way of fluoride use to control caries and the total fluoride concentration in toothpastes is under legislation control worldwide
The findings suggest that the determination of fluoride in NaF/silica-based toothpastes can be accurately made using a simplified protocol of analysis
It is able to estimate how much of the total fluoride presents in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-based toothpaste is bioavailable to be released in the oral cavity during toothbrushing[21]
Summary
Toothpaste is considered the most rational way of fluoride use to control caries and the total fluoride concentration in toothpastes is under legislation control worldwide. Different methods are used to determine fluoride concentration in toothpastes[1] and fluoride ion specific electrode (F-ISE) has been used for a long time[2,3]. In toothpastes containing calcium-based abrasives, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O), sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) is the source of fluoride salt used due to the chemical incompatibility of sodium fluoride (NaF), stannous fluoride (SnF2) or amine fluoride (AmF) with calcium (Ca++). NaF, SnF2 and AmF toothpastes are formulated with hydrated silica (SiO2), in which TF is soluble as F-. Fluoride ion specific electrode (F-ISE) has been successfully used to determine the different forms of fluoride in Na2FPO3/Ca-based and in NaF/SiO2-based toothpastes following the same protocol of analysis[5]
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