Abstract
The equilibrium use of energy is very important for wireless sensor networks (WSN) with limited energy in order to avoid premature network collapse. The existing methods either need too complex calculations for precise clustering, or are too simple to overburden a few cluster heads. In order to solve these problems, we proposed energy balanced clustering routing (EBCR) in this paper. It could maximize the WSN life in energy non-harvesting scenario or improve energy utilization efficiency in energy harvesting scenario without increasing the amount of calculations. It gives a complete solution to the process of cluster head election, clustering, and intercluster routing algorithm. Firstly, a light weight cluster head election and a distributed cluttering method are proposed by introducing dynamic cluster radius and intersection region node division schemes with new principles. Thus, lightweight distributed clustering achieves the advantages of balancing the burden of cluster heads and alleviating hot zone problem. Then we optimized the cluster cooperative routing algorithm by analyzing cooperation and competition among cluster heads. The intercluster cooperative routing algorithm greatly improves the transmission efficiency between cluster heads. Moreover, this paper analyzes the reasons why the algorithm achieves more balanced energy usage, higher energy efficiency, and fewer calculations compared to the existing mainstream algorithms. At last, simulation results show that EBCR algorithm has advantages in terms of network energy consumption, number of surviving nodes in energy non-harvesting scenario compared with the delay-constrained energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop routing (DCEM) method. Simulation also gives EBCR algorithm performance under various energy harvesting scenarios, which is quite satisfactory in energy utilization efficiency comparing with DCEM method. EBCR algorithm has superior performance in terms of balanced energy usage, low computation complexity, and high energy efficiency.
Highlights
The wireless sensor networks (WSN) consists of a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area, and forms a self-organizing network system through wireless communication
In order to avoid the loss of network connectivity and premature network collapse due to the excessive exploiting of individual nodes, balanced energy clustering routing protocol needs to be studied under the premise that each node can transmit its own data to the Sink node [8]
The delay-constrained energy-efficient clusterbased multi-hop routing (DCEM) algorithm [12] is analyzed in detail and the problems appearing are the motivation for this research
Summary
The WSN consists of a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area, and forms a self-organizing network system through wireless communication. Due to simplified cluster head and cluster radius election methods, the number of cluster heads may be relatively large, and cluster heads may be relatively dense in local areas To solve this problem, intersection region node division and intercluster cooperative routing algorithms are proposed. The intercluster routing multi-hop algorithm, along with the simplified cluster head election and cluster intersecting area division methods together solves the problem of transmission efficiency when the cluster heads are densely distributed As a whole, this method can achieve more balanced energy consumption compared to distributed clustering methods such as DCEM and EEUC, effectively reducing cluster head failure probability, greatly improving cluster update time, reducing clusters maintenance costs, and overcoming the disadvantages of the UCFIA and UDEB non-uniform clustering methods that require a lot of centralized calculations
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