Abstract
An environmentally friendly and economical ship operation can be accomplished through many different methods. Most of these approaches focus on technological solutions, e.g. internal engine measures in order to make the engine more eco-friendly, by changing engine control parameters for a better connection between propulsion system and ship, by usage of different fuels or fuel supplements or installation of exhaust gas-treatment systems. For many ships, it is neither efficient nor economically viable to replace or improve existing power generation or propulsion systems in order to improve efficiency or reduce emissions. Some of the internal measures used to reduce NOx-emissions like exhaust gas recirculation even lead to a higher fuel consumption. The vessel itself is still controlled by a crew and they should be kept in the loop to improve efficiency. Therefore optimal operational procedures for handling ships and specifically the outcome of engine manoeuvres is a substantial source for eco-friendly ship operations. The German research project MEmBran (Modelling Emissions and Fuel Consumption during Ship Manoeuvres) addresses especially the basis for optimising ship engine manoeuvres. It focusses on very detailed simulation of the processes of currently existing ship diesel engines, especially in a first step 4-stroke engines in order to implement models in wider comprehensive ship handling simulation software. As part of an existing planning and prediction software that can be used on board, it enables the watch keeping nautical officer and the shipping company to forecast and compare the fuel consumption of the ship for each manoeuvre. In order to reach this goal it is necessary to use fast calculating and stable methods that can be used to forecast the power output of the engine and the fuel consumption. This paper discusses an approach to calculate friction mean effective pressure.
Highlights
A common problem a mariner is confronted is that ships, especially the one he is working on, is responsible for toxic emissions and the release of greenhouse gases
A new and simpler method to calculate the effective power output was developed depending on the mean effective pressure
It is a simplified approach to calculate the engine power output based on limited measurement data in connection with common and emission and engine models
Summary
As a testbed for measurements serves the MAN 6L23/30 engine at the University of Applied Sciences Wismar is used. The testbed is a medium-speed, four-stroke, nonreversible and turbocharged propulsion engine, that is equipped with operating measurement technique and is normally used to train future technical officers. The fuel injection is carried out via a conventional pump-nozzle system. The speed is maintained by a PID controller, while the load is controlled by a water brake. The speed can be set between 520 and 900 rpm. Marine Diesel oil (MDO) was used to carry out test bed trials
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