Simplified bond-hyperpolarizability model of second harmonic generation, group theory, and Neumann’s principle

Abstract

We discuss the susceptibility third-rank tensor for second harmonic and sum-frequency generation, associated with low index surfaces of silicon (Si(001), Si(011), and Si(111)), from two different approaches: the simplified bond-hyperpolarizability model (SBHM) and group theory (GT). We show that the SBHM agrees very well with the experimental results for simple surfaces because the definitions of the bond vectors implicitly include the geometry of the crystal and therefore the symmetry group. However, for more complex surfaces it is shown that one can derive from GT the SBHM tensor, if Kleinman symmetry is allowed.