Simple Syntheses of New Pegylated Trehalose Derivatives as a Chemical Tool for Potential Evaluation of Cryoprotectant Effects on Cell Membrane.

Karel Pomeisl,Martin Golan,Jan Richter,Irena Kratochvílová

doi:10.3390/molecules25030497

Abstract

In our work, we developed the synthesis of new polyfunctional pegylated trehalose derivatives and evaluated their cryoprotective effect using flow cytometry. We showed that new compounds (modified trehaloses) bound to appropriate extracellular polymeric cryoprotectants could be helpful as a chemical tool for the evaluation of their potential toxic cell membrane influences. Our aim was to form a chemical tool for the evaluation of cryoprotectant cell membrane influences, which are still not easily predicted during the freezing/thawing process. We combined two basic cryoprotectants: polyethyleneglycols (PEGs) and trehalose in the new chemical compounds—pegylated trehalose hybrids. If PEG and trehalose are chemically bound and trehalose is adsorbed on the cell surface PEGs molecules which are, due to the chemical bonding with trehalose, close to the cell surface, can remove the cell surface hydration layer which destabilizes the cell membrane. This was confirmed by the comparison of new material, PEG, trehalose, and their mixture cryoprotective capabilities.

Highlights

Cryopreservation of cells plays an essential role in many areas [1,2,3,4,5]
The polymer insertion at the 50 -carbon seems to be more appropriate for the spatial direction of pegylated tentacles while secondary hydroxyl groups are still available for assumed membrane interactions
The direct condensation of 2 with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500 in the presence of various bases and under various reaction conditions did not proceed regarding that no product was observed in the reaction mixtures which was monitored by NMR spectroscopy

Summary

Introduction

The main difficulty in cryopreservation is that ice crystallization, which appears throughout the freezing process, can significantly damage the cells and cause the loss of viability after the cells are thawed [6]. One of the main challenges of cell cryopreservation is influencing the freezing kinetics, the ice nucleation and growth [7]. Freezing forms an osmotic imbalance, which results in a flow of water from the inside of cells [8]. In this case, the concentration of ions and other solvents increases beyond physiological concentrations, which results in chemical stress [9,10,11,12]

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Conclusion