Simple scenario of integrated neutron-proton interaction* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11975151, 11961141003) and the MOE Key Lab for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the patterns exhibited by integrated neutron-proton interactions (denoted as) that exhibit systematic differences among particle-particle, hole-hole, hole-particle, and particle-hole cases. A simple formula of is proposed to be in approximate linearity with . This formula yields regular patterns of that are highly consistent with those previously extracted according to binding energies. The observed ordering of , i.e., of the particle-particle case is the largest, of the hole-hole case is in-between, and of the particle-hole and hole-particle cases is the smallest, is explained in terms of the dominant part of originating from symmetry energy and refinement involving the shell correction in the mass formulas.