Abstract
Abstract There are two types of simple random assignment – unrestricted random assignment and the random allocation rule. Unrestricted random assignment occurs when each subject in a study is assigned to a treatment with a fixed probability, completely independent of all previous assignments in the study. The total sample size does not need to be known in advance for this procedure. In contrast, the total sample size does need to be known in advance when using the random allocation rule, which occurs when a randomly chosen subset of subjects in a study is assigned to one treatment group and the other subset is assigned to the other treatment group. Unrestricted random assignment is the easiest and best way to minimize various biases, such as selection and accidental bias. However, it can also result in substantial imbalance if the sample size is small or in the early stages of the study. The random allocation rule also has little selection (if the assignment for all subjects is done simultaneously) and accidental bias.
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