Abstract
A simple method for obtaining pure and well-defined oligosaccharides was established by hydrolyzing agar with β-agarase from Vibrio natriegens. The conditions for enzymolysis were optimized as follows: a temperature of 45 °C, a pH of 8.5, a substrate concentration of 0.3%, an enzyme amount of 100 U/g and an enzymolysis time of 20 h. Neoagaro-oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization were obtained by hydrolyzing agar with β-agarase for different lengths of time. After removing pigments using activated carbon and salts by dialyzing, the enzyme hydrolysis solution was separated with Bio-Gel P2 column chromatography. Neoagaro-oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization were acquired. By comparing with authentic standard substances, along with further confirmation by FTIR, MS and NMR, structures of the purified neoagaro-oligosaccharides were identified as neoagarobiose (NA2), neoagaroteraose (NA4), neoagarohexaose (NA6), neoagarooctaose (NA8), neoagaro-decaose (NA10) and neoagarododecaose (NA12) with purities of more than 97.0%. The present study established a method for the preparation of various neoagaro-oligosaccharides that may be of great significance for further study of their bioactivities.
Highlights
An important marine polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of red algae, is a linear polymer containing (1→4)-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactose and (1→3)-linked β-d-galactopyranose [1], and it is composed of agarose and agaropectin [2]
Accumulating reports have indicated that the oligosaccharides prepared from agar/agarose have diverse physiological functions, such as antioxidant [4,5,6,7,8,9], anti-hyperlipidemia [9,10,11], anti-inflammation [12,13,14] activity, and a whitening effect [15,16], which will expand their use in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries
Temperature is an important factor in the enzymatic hydrolysis process [22]
Summary
An important marine polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of red algae, is a linear polymer containing (1→4)-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactose and (1→3)-linked β-d-galactopyranose [1], and it is composed of agarose and agaropectin [2]. Accumulating reports have indicated that the oligosaccharides prepared from agar/agarose have diverse physiological functions, such as antioxidant [4,5,6,7,8,9], anti-hyperlipidemia [9,10,11], anti-inflammation [12,13,14] activity, and a whitening effect [15,16], which will expand their use in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries. DP of 4–12 could increase the amount of lactobacilli and bifidobacteri in vivo, suggesting that they mixtures show varying activity in antioxidants [24]. Neoagarobiose (NA2),thatneoagaroteraose the amount of lactobacilli bifidobacteri in vivo, suggesting they had beneficial (NA4), probiotic and neoagarohexaose (NA6) were reported to have in(NA4), vitroand skin whitening and moisturizing effects, effects [25]. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways [26,27]
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