Simple model for transient soil loading in earthquake analysis. II. Non‐associative models for sands

Abstract

AbstractThis paper extends the bounding surface, generalized plasticity, model of Part I to reproduce the behaviour of sands under both static and transient loading.The essential features of the first model are preserved but the following changes are introduced: The shape of the yield surface is modified. A non‐associative flow rule is introduced. The hardening parameter of the bounding surface includes not only volumetric but also deviatoric plastic strain. Plastic volumetric and deviatoric strains are introduced during unloading. Each of these modifications can be introduced separately in a hierarchical manner to model in an improved way the behaviour of sands. Good comparison with experimental observations is recorded. The simplicity of the original model is preserved with modifications being introduced progressively to model rising complexity of the phenomena.