Abstract
Whole peanut or cashew extracts are usually used in immunotherapy. Reducing major allergen(s) in the extracts may lessen their side effects. Three methods were evaluated to reduce major allergens in peanut extracts: (1) p‐aminobenzamidine; (2) magnetic agarose beads; and (3) extraction of a commercial peanut flour at pH 7, respectively. The first two methods were also used to reduce major allergens in cashew extracts. After treatments, samples were evaluated by SDS‐PAGE. pABA‐treated samples were also analyzed for IgE binding in western blot. We found that the methods resulted in peanut extracts lacking detectable Ara h 1 but containing Ara h 2/6 and cashew extract lacking Ana o 1/2, but containing Ana o 3. Consequently, reduced IgE binding was observed. We conclude that the methods are useful for producing peanut or cashew extract with little Ara h 1 or Ana o 1/2.
Highlights
Peanut allergy is common and is a major public health concern
The method was applied to cashew extract, and we found that of the three major cashew allergens (Ana o 1, Ana o 2, and Ana o 3), only Ana o 3 was recovered by NaCl (Figure 4, cashew beads-T)
The majority of Ara h 2/6 did not precipitate most likely because they are smaller in size and contain very few amino groups that were available for multiple cross-linking between the allergens and pABA
Summary
Peanut allergy is common and is a major public health concern. Peanut allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in children and has become more prevalent in recent years. These include oral (i.e., introducing small doses of peanut proteins by mouth and gradually increasing the amount) (Tang & Hsiao, 2016), subcutaneous (i.e., peanut allergy shot) (Nelson, Makatsori, & Calderon, 2016), sublingual (i.e., peanut proteins in the form of drops introduced under the tongue) (Sindher, Fleischer, & Spergel, 2016), and epicutaneous immunotherapy (i.e., delivering peanut proteins through the skin via a patch on the skin) (Jones et al, 2016) They all have a common goal – to desensitizing peanut-allergic individuals and induce the immune system to tolerate peanuts. We determined if allergens (Ana o 1, 2, and 3) (Reitsma et al, 2016) from a cashew extract can be separated or removed in the same way
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