Simple method for evaluating swelling of GMZ01 Na-bentonite affected by temperature at osmotic swelling

Abstract

Swelling deformation tests of GaoMiaoZi (GMZ01) bentonite were performed at 25, 40 60, and 90 °C in distilled water. Experimental results suggested that the maximum swelling strain of GMZ01 bentonite increased with temperature, due to the osmotic swelling dominated the swelling. The em − σv relation for compacted bentonite at a same temperature can be expressed as em=KσvD-3 (em is montmorillonite void ratio, σv is vertical stress). The fractal dimension, D, of GMZ01 bentonite was unaffected by the temperature according to the results of N2 adsorption tests. Calculated by the diffuse double layer (DDL) model under the condition of osmotic swelling, a linearly relation was found between the montmorillonite swelling coefficient K and temperature Tc. Combing the fractal em − σv relation and linear K − Tc relation, a simple method for evaluating the swelling of GMZ01 bentonite affected by temperature was proposed.