Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-UV (280 nm) method for simultaneous determination of phenol, five chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), and three phenylphenols (2-phenylphenol, 3-phenylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol) in tap water after pre-column derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride. Standard curves were obtained after derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride in borate buffer (pH 8.5) at 50°C for 1 min. The nine 4-nitrobenzoyl derivatives were well separated in less than 15 min on a Cholester column. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.02 ~ 0.12 to 0.9 mg/L, with r2 values ≥0.9928, for all compounds. The lower limits of detection were 0.006 to 0.05 mg/L. The coefficients of variation were less than 12.0%. The recovery values from tap water spiked with a standard mixture of test compounds were satisfactory. While the levels of phenol, five chlorophenols, and three phenylphenols in tap water were below the lower limit of determination, our method is expected to be useful for monitoring and/or identifying environmental water samples that are contaminated with these compounds, i.e., for assessing compliance with the official guidelines of the World Health Organization.
Highlights
The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-UV (280 nm) method for simultaneous determination of phenol, five chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), and three phenylphenols (2-phenylphenol, 3-phenylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol) in tap water after pre-column derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride
While the levels of phenol, five chlorophenols, and three phenylphenols in tap water were below the lower limit of determination, our method is expected to be useful for monitoring and/or identifying environmental water samples that are contaminated with these compounds, i.e., for assessing compliance with the official guidelines of the World Health Organization
We present a simple HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of phenol, five CPs (2-CP, 4-CP, 2,4-DCP, 2,6-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP), and three PPs (2-PP, 3-PP, and 4-PP) in tap water after pre-column derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (4-NB-Cl)
Summary
Chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 2-CP; 4-chlorophenol, 4-CP; 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-DCP; 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,6-DCP; and 2,4,6trichlo-rophenol, 2,4,6-TCP) are malodorous even at very low concentrations in the aquatic environment, and may be present in drinking water as a result of disinfection processes employing chlorination, which result in chlorination at the o- and/or p- position(s) of phenol, if it is present. These compounds may be formed by the reaction of hypochlorite with phenolic acids and during the degradation of phenoxy herbicides [1]. The maximum permissible level of total phenols is less than 0.005 mg/L in drinking and tap water and less than 5 mg/L in industrial waste water according to the Japanese Water Pollution Control Law
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