Simple and rapid analysis of phthalate esters in marine sediment using ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with gas purge microsyringe extraction followed by GC–MS

Abstract

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a class of the emerging pollutants that pose a potential environmental threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, a simple analytical method using ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with gas purges microsyringe extraction (GP–MSE) coupled with GC–MS was utilized for the reliable and rapid determination of PAEs in different types of marine sediment. The analytical results showed that the method exhibited excellent reproducibility, linear responses, and detection limits, which verified the suitability of the method for the determination of PAEs in marine sediment. This approach requires minimal reagents, solvents, and sample pretreatment procedures as well as a short analysis time; thus, procedural blanks can be kept to a minimum. This method was demonstrated to be a highly efficient and sensitive quantitative analytical method for the simple detection of PAEs in marine sediment.