Abstract
Abstract: Quantum dots have interesting optical properties. They absorb incoming light of one color and emit out light of a completely different color. This research paper discloses eigen states of a simple and multilayer quantum dot in various structures for cuboid, cylinder, dome, cone, and pyramid, and its three-dimensional wave function, energy states, light and dark transitions (X-polarized), light and dark transitions (Y-polarized), light and dark transitions (Zpolarized), light and dark transitions (phi = 0 and theta= 45), absorption (phi = 0 and theta = 45), absorption sweep of angle theta, and integrated absorption are plotted and the observations of high peak values are noted and documented.
Highlights
Semiconductors have a valence band that is filled with electrons and an empty conduction band separated by a band gap
For an electron to be energized into the conduction band, it has to intake energy that is higher than the band gap
When a semiconductor is struck by a photon with energy higher than the band gap energy, an electron is energized into the conduction band leaving behind a hole of opposite charge in the valence band
Summary
Semiconductors have a valence band that is filled with electrons and an empty conduction band separated by a band gap (energy gap). When a semiconductor is struck by a photon with energy higher than the band gap energy, an electron is energized into the conduction band leaving behind a hole of opposite charge in the valence band. The distance between the electron in the conduction band and its hole in the valence band is called the Bohr radius. The diameter of a quantum dot is in the same order as its exciton Bohr radius, which spatially limits the exciton and leads to the quantum confinement effect. This effect quantizes the energy levels of valence and conduction band within the quantum dot with energy values directly related to the quantum dot’s size. Charge-coupled devices and complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors, which are the image detecting chips for digital cameras and webcams, work in a related way to solar cells, by transmuting incoming light into patterns of electrical signals; efficient quantum dots could be used to make tiny and more efficient image sensors for applications where conventional devices are too big and awkward[2]
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