Abstract
A simple and exact closed-form equation to determine a penetrated ray path in a ray tracing is proposed for an accurate channel prediction in indoor environments. Whereas the penetrated ray path in a conventional ray tracing is treated as a straight line without refraction, the proposed method is able to consider refraction through the wall in the penetrated ray path. Hence, it improves the accuracy in ray tracing simulation. To verify the validation of the proposed method, the simulated results of conventional method, approximate method, and proposed method are compared with the measured results. The comparison shows that the proposed method is in better agreement with the measured results than the conventional method and approximate method, especially in high frequency bands.
Highlights
In recent years, a lot of indoor wireless applications have been proposed and researched to satisfy various demands such as high data rates, low power consumption [1]
The ray tracing technique which is based on geometrical optics (GO) and uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is capable of calculating an electromagnetic field at a receiving point by adding multipath waves coherently
These multipath waves with different amplitudes and phases depending on wave propagation mechanisms cause deep power fading and/or intersymbol interference (ISI) [6]
Summary
A lot of indoor wireless applications have been proposed and researched to satisfy various demands such as high data rates, low power consumption [1]. L: Assumed total path length θi: Assumed incident angle L: Actual total path length θi: Actual incident angle This path error can cause an inaccuracy in calculating the fading effect when the multipath waves are superposed after the building wall in indoor environments. To overcome this path error within the ray tracing framework, a few studies were carried out. The error in this method is negligibly small in low frequency bands, it can cause significant phase error in high frequency bands because the phase error is growing proportionally to frequency This method could result in more error in the ray tracing calculation at a millimeter-wave communication environment.
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