Simple and Exact Additivity of Atomic and Ionic Radii in Various Types of Bonds in Small as Well as Large Molecules

Raji Heyrovska

doi:10.21767/2470-9905.100029

Abstract

The nature of the chemical bond has intrigued many a mind. Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom, which celebrated its centennial recently, gave the correct value but a negative sign for the energy. As this would imply that the energy of the Universe, which consists of 70% hydrogen, is negative, the author was dissatisfied with it. So she proposed a modified approach to the problem, which showed that the energy is positive. Moreover, she found that the Bohr radius is divided into two Golden sections pertaining to the electron and proton. This idea cascaded into the finding that all bond lengths in small as well as large molecules are simply exact sums of the appropriate atomic and or Golden ratio based ionic radii of adjacent atoms or ions. Over the years, this has proved to be correct for various types of bonds, including hydrogen bonds, bonds in graphite and in benzene dimers.

Highlights

Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom [1] celebrated recently its centennial
Pauling [3] suggested that covalent radii are additive, he could not account for many chemical bonds, especially the partially and completely ionic types and had to postulate many theories, concepts and correction factors
On re-investigating the Bohr’s equation (1), the author arrived at the surprising result that the Bohr radius is divided at the point of electrical neutrality into two Golden sections pertaining to the electron and proton

Summary

Introduction

Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom [1] celebrated recently its centennial. It gave the correct magnitude for the ground state energy (EH), EH = eIH = - (1/2)(e2/κaB)where, IH is the ionization potential, e is the unit of charge and κ is the electric permittivity constant and aB is the Bohr radius (distance of the electron from the proton). Pauling [3] suggested that covalent radii are additive, he could not account for many chemical bonds, especially the partially and completely ionic types and had to postulate many theories, concepts and correction factors.

Results

Conclusion