Simple and convenient analytical method for the direct determination of chlorine species by ETV-ICP-AES using tungsten boat furnace vaporiser and exchangeable small sample cuvettes

Abstract

A tungsten boat furnace vaporiser and an exchangeable sample cuvette system were applied for the direct determination of chlorine in plastic samples by electrothermal vaporisation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Each piece of plastic samples was moulded into a thin film, and weighed into small sample cuvettes. An ethanolic solution of the modifier potassium hydroxide and an organic solvent were added to each sample cuvette. The contents including the plastic piece were spread over the bottom of each sample cuvette by warming on a hotplate. After the preparation, one of the cuvettes was placed in the tungsten boat furnace equipped with the electrothermal vaporiser. The temperature was gradually elevated. At the flash vaporisation step of 1800 °C, the analyte was vaporised and introduced into the ICP to measure an atomic emission assignable to Cl I 134.724 nm. A widely spread thin layer of the plastic facilitated its rapid evaporation and introduction into an ICP atomic emission spectrometer. Since all the chlorine species were on-furnace decomposed to form potassium chloride during the pretreatment, the solid samples were analysed using a calibration curve prepared from the aqueous standard solutions. By using this system, a detection limit of 1.5 μg g−1 of chlorine in solid plastic samples was established when a sample amount taken of 2 mg was studied. The exchangeable sample cuvette technique makes it possible to measure a number of sample sequentially by preparing a lot of sample cuvettes prior to analysis. Approximately 20 batches could be vaporised per hour. Analytical results of some plastic samples that were analysed by this technique are given in this report.