Abstract
The paper gives the analysis on the state in population of Simmental cattle reared in Europe with a special review on the state in Simmental cattle in our country which makes about 80 % total cattle fund in Serbia, and is characterized by a negative trend in the number of cattle, as well as by a low average milk production per cow. The most important results obtained by both domestic and foreign authors by means of various methods of improving Simmental breed and its raising in different systems have been shown. The directions for improving Simmental cattle according to the productive directions have been analyzed. Possible methods of improving the Simmental cattle in our country have been pointed out, which should be in accordance with already existing genetic potential of each actual population, its purpose (registered breeding stock, production breeding stock), as well as with the market needs for cow milk, milk products and meat (primarily beef meat, for export). A special emphasis has been given to the importance of organizing the production of meat in the cow-calf system in which Simmental breed, following the model of many European countries, should have good performance also in our country, if the same production should be organized in deserted hilly and mountainous regions. In this way we could contribute to more significant increase in overall beef production, and to reactivate unused natural resources as well.
Highlights
Simmental breed is mostly grown in central Serbia, as a breed of combined production traits
According to the reports of the associations for Simmental breed in some European countries, absolutely largest population of Simmental cattle is in Germany, Austria (1600000 to 1700000 heads or about 80% total fund of cattle in Austria), Serbia, followed by Czech Republic, Switzerland and
On the basis of the stated research results obtained by domestic and foreign authors when studying the productive traits in Simmental breed in different rearing systems, a remarkably lower milk production in Simmental breed in our country is perceived in relation to an average production realized by the animals of Simmental breed in majority of European countries
Summary
Simmental breed is mostly grown in central Serbia, as a breed of combined production traits. In the regions with more intensive cattle production the cattle populations with pronounced milk yield are reared, and very often there are cases of cross-breeding the Simmental breed with dairy breeds. In hilly-mountainous regions low performance animals intended for meat-milk production are reared. A milk yield in registered Simmental cows in Serbia, according to selection reports, ranges from 4000 kg to 5000 kg milk in standard lactation, depending on the lactation in order and rearing region, while estimations for milk yield in cows which are not under control state the milk yield of about 3000 kg those records are not fully reliable
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