Abstract
Grottoes, with caves and statues, are an important part of immovable heritage. Statues in a particular grotto setting are often similar in geometric form and artistic style, and identifying the similarity between these statues can help provide important references for value recognition, condition assessment, repair, and the virtual restoration of statues. Traditionally, such reference information mainly depended on expert empirical judgment, which is highly subjective, lacks quantitative analysis, and cannot provide effective scientific support for the virtual restoration of grotto statues. This paper presents a similarity index based approach for identifying similarities between grotto statues by studying 11 small Buddhist statues carved on the 18th cave in the Yungang Grottoes, located in Datong, China. The similarity index is determined according to the hash values calculated based on the pHash method using the orthophoto images of Buddhist statues to identify similar statues. Similar feature points between the identified statues are then matched using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) operator to support the repair and reconstruction of damaged statues. The experimental results show that the variation of similarity index values confirms the visual inspection of the statues’ appearance in the orthophotos. The additional analysis of three-dimensional (3D) point clouds also confirms that the similarity index based approach is accurate in the initial screening of similar grotto statues.
Highlights
Grottoes, with caves and statues, are an important symbol of Chinese Buddhism and an important part of immovable heritage
The purpose of this paper is to study and propose a similarity index based approach for identifying similar grotto statues to support the virtual restoration of damaged statues
The background of the Buddhist statue (Figure 3) to ensure that the similarity discrimination is not affected by other factors
Summary
With caves and statues, are an important symbol of Chinese Buddhism and an important part of immovable heritage. China has a large number of grottoes that have been excavated and filled with invaluable manuscripts, artwork, and statues, and these grottoes are widely distributed across the country. The history of these grottoes goes back to the time between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. The protection of the Yungang Grottoes has a long history. The protection of the Yungang hastoa the longgreat history. The. Grottoes have been rebuilt in the repaired many times. According to the great record, rebuilt in the was carried mountain of theCave.
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