Abstract
A number of studies have shown that multisensory performance is well predicted by a statistically optimal maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) model. Under this model unisensory estimates are combined additively and weighted according to relative reliability. Recent theories have proposed that atypical sensation and perception commonly reported in autism spectrum condition (ASC) may result from differences in the use of reliability information. Furthermore, experimental studies have indicated that multisensory processing is less effective in those with the condition in comparison to neurotypical (NT) controls. In the present study, adults with ASC (n=13) and a matched NT group (n=13) completed a visual-haptic size judgement task (cf. Gori et al., 2008) in which participants compared the height of wooden blocks using either vision or haptics, and in a dual modality condition in which visual-haptic stimuli were presented in size conflict. Participants with ASC tended to produce more reliable estimates than the NT group. However, dual modality performance was not well predicted by the MLE model for either group. Performance was subsequently compared to alternative models in which the participant either switched between modalities trial to trial (rather than integrating) and a model of non-optimal integration. Performance of both groups was statistically comparable to the cue-switching model. These findings suggest that adults with ASC adopted a similar strategy to NTs when processing conflicting visual-haptic information. Findings are discussed in relation to multisensory perception in ASC and methodological considerations associated with multisensory conflict paradigms.
Highlights
Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is diagnostically characterised by the presence of social and communication deficits, and restricted repetitive behaviours (DSM-V: American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
The visual SD was significantly lower than the haptic SD [t (23) = 5.70, p < 0.001, d = 1.16], and as would be expected the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) prediction of SD was significantly lower than the visual SD [t (23) = 6.24, p < 0.001, d = 1.27] and haptic SD [t (23) = 10.13, p < 0.001, d = 2.07]
There was a trend towards a main effect of group [F (1, 22) = 4.21, p = 0.052, ηp2 = 0.161], indicating that the ASC group tended to have lower SD across the conditions compared to NT participants
Summary
Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is diagnostically characterised by the presence of social and communication deficits, and restricted repetitive behaviours (DSM-V: American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Sensory symptoms have been included as a sub-category of restricted and repetitive behaviours on the DSM-V, these are currently considered nonpathognomonic as they are difficult to distinguish from sensory differences reported in other conditions (Grapel et al, 2015; Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003). Individuals with ASC are less likely to produce illusory responses when presented with conflicting visual and auditory information (Irwin et al, 2011; Mongillo et al, 2008; Stevenson et al, 2014). Participants with ASC produce responses which are influenced by task irrelevant stimuli in a different modality to the target which are presented at a greater temporal (Foss-Feig et al, 2010; Kwakye et al, 2011) and spatial disparity (Poole et al, 2015) in comparison to controls
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