Abstract
After years of multilateral deliberations on how to stop global deforestation, such as REDD+ under the UNFCCC, deforestation-free supply chain (DFSC) initiatives emerged from the private sector. Linking both concepts conceptually and in policy practice could provide for synergies and enable more effective approaches against global deforestation. To operationalise such a linkage, a prerequisite is the knowledge of both concepts’ key characteristics, as well as resulting similarities and differences. This literature review firstly identifies key characteristics that affects the potential impact of such concepts, secondly analyses if and how REDD+ and DFSC define these characteristics, and thirdly compares both concepts towards a potential linkage. The results show that a linkage of REDD+ and DFSC provides numerous complementarities which could foster the goal of halting deforestation. This includes for example the driver commercial agriculture, and in terms of permanence, leakage, and degradation. But close coordination is needed to avoid unintended negative consequences, especially for subsistence and smallholder agriculture. The comparison shows that the political consensus found under REDD+ provides a good basis to be supplemented with private sectors’ DFSC initiatives, but additional initiatives like the Bonn Challenge and investments in agroforestry are needed in order to ensure the long-term effect on forest conversion.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundFor decades, industrial production of agriculture commodities has been the main driver of deforestation of primary forests in the tropics [1]
As the framework is applied to both concepts, the literature on UNFCCC REDD+ and deforestation-free supply chain (DFSC) was searched to analyse if and how each concept is taking the key characteristics into consideration
Based on an extensive literature review, this study contributes to this effort by disentangling the two concepts of private sector DFSC initiatives and governmental REDD+ through a comparison along key characteristics, which are based on a structured literature review
Summary
Introduction and BackgroundFor decades, industrial production of agriculture commodities has been the main driver of deforestation of primary forests in the tropics [1]. In 2013, governments agreed on UNFCCC REDD+ (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries), a state-driven, intergovernmental approach, incentivising inter alia the reduction of tropical deforestation in developing and emerging economies [5]. These countries are supported in changing their forestry policies towards a more sustainable use and restoration of forests [6,7]. In the context of these challenges, civil society and science discuss the concept’s future viability [16,17,18,19]
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