Abstract
Identification of Musa spp genotypes has had a high degree of difficulty by the small size of the chromosomes and by the small number of cells in prometaphase that are obtained. Cytogenetic characterization of the cultivars is a useful tool for its productive improvement or resistance increase to diseases and pests. For this reason cytogenetic characterization of 9 cultivars of Musa collected from Quindio- Colombia was proposed. Triploid condition was found in all cultivars, where ‘Dominico’, ‘Dominico-Harton’ and ‘Harton were AAB’; ‘Popocho’, ‘Guayabo’, and ‘Guineo’ ABB and ‘Bananas’ were AAA; all had 2n = 3x = 33 chromosomes. Three type of chromosomes sizes were found; A (1.951 – 2.790 μm); B (1.134 – 1.950 μm) and C (0.307- 1.141 μm). A wide variability was found between chromosomes number by type: A chromosomes: 9 and only in ‘Dominico-Harton’; B chromosomes: between 0 and 18; C chromosomes: between 6 and 33. Also were found significant differences in chromosome size and genome size among cultivars: ‘Harton’ being the smallest, and ‘Dominico-Harton’ with the largest chromosome and genome size. In conclusion all Musa spp, evaluated in Quindio, have three types of chromosomes, differ in chromosomes number in each type and genome length, but all they are triploid hybrids (AAB, ABB, AAA). This study contributes to the advance of the genetics of Musa spp for future improvement.
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