Similar Features, Different Behaviors: A Comparative In VitroStudy of the Adipogenic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Follicle, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament.

Melissa D Mercado-Rubio,Alejandro Zepeda-Pedreguera,Rafael A Rojas-Herrera,Erick Pérez-Argueta,Fernando J Aguilar-Ayala,Ricardo Peñaloza-Cuevas,Geovanny I Nic-Can,Angela Kú-González,Beatriz A Rodas-Junco

doi:10.3390/jpm11080738

Abstract

Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs) are a promising resource for tissue regeneration due to their multilineage potential. Despite accumulating data regarding the biology and differentiation potential of DT-MSCs, few studies have investigated their adipogenic capacity. In this study, we have investigated the mesenchymal features of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), as well as the in vitro effects of different adipogenic media on these cells, and compared them to those of periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs). DFSC, PLSCs, and DPSCs exhibit similar morphology and proliferation capacity, but they differ in their self-renewal ability and expression of stemness markers (e.g OCT4 and c-MYC). Interestingly, DFSCs and PLSCs exhibited more lipid accumulation than DPSCs when induced to adipogenic differentiation. In addition, the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers (PPAR, LPL, and ADIPOQ) were significantly higher in DFSCs and PLSCs than in DPSCs, which could be related to the differences in the adipogenic commitment in those cells. These findings reveal that the adipogenic capacity differ among DT-MSCs, features that might be advantageous to increasing our understanding about the developmental origins and regulation of adipogenic commitment.

Highlights

It was observed that the confluence of the dental follicle (DF) and periodontal ligament (PL) cells was reached at eight and 10 days, respectively, while, in the dental pulp (DP) cells, confluence was not reached until day 12
The results revealed that these cell populations exhibited a decreased adipogenic capacity in the following order: dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) > periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) > dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)
We compared the mesenchymal features of three lines of DT-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from DP, DF, and previous studies have shown that DT-MSCs share certain similarities, including morphology, cell surface antigens, expression of stemness markers, and the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types, including adipocytes [32,33], there is no study that indicates the reason for their differentiation capacity

Summary

Introduction

Affeldt et al [7], by using human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), showed that immediately after overexpressing PPARγ2, a key regulator of adipogenesis, the generation of adipocytes reached 90%, ten-fold more than that of non-transduced MPCs. A more recent study highlights that human bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) have preestablished enhancers, promoting a higher expression of osteoblast-selective genes than adipocyte-selective genes [8]. A more recent study highlights that human bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) have preestablished enhancers, promoting a higher expression of osteoblast-selective genes than adipocyte-selective genes [8] These findings suggest that the adipogenic pathway could require a wider genetic remodeling program before the proper conversion of MCSs into adipocytes

Methods

Results

Conclusion